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What is bacterial gastroenteritis?

Bacterial gastroenteritis happens when bacteria causes an infection in your gut. This causes inflammation in your stomach  and intestines. You may also experience symptoms like vomiting, severe abdominal cramps, and diarrhea.

While viruses cause many gastrointestinal infections, bacterial infections are also common. Some people call this infection food poisoning. 

Bacterial gastroenteritis can result from poor hygiene. Infection can also occur after close contact with animals or consuming food or water contaminated with bacteria (or the toxic substances bacteria produce). Treating bacterial gastroenteritis

Treatment is meant to keep you hydrated and avoid complications. It’s important not to lose too much salt, such as sodium and potassium Your body needs these in certain amounts in order to function properly.

If you have a serious case of bacterial gastroenteritis, you may be admitted to the hospital and given fluids and salts intravenously. Antibiotics are usually reserved for the most severe cases.

Home remedies for mild cases

If you have a milder case, you may be able to treat your illness at home. Try the following:

• Drink fluids regularly throughout the day, especially after bouts of diarrhea.
• Eat little and often, and include some salty foods.
• Consume foods or drinks with potassium, such as fruit juice and bananas.
• Don’t take any medications without asking your doctor.
• Go to the hospital if you can’t keep any fluids down.

A few ingredients you may have at home can help keep your electrolyte balance and treat diarrhea. Ginger can help combat infection and make stomach or abdominal pain less severe. Apple cider vinegar and basil can also soothe your stomach as well as strengthen your stomach against future infections. 

Avoid eating dairy, fruit, or high-fiber foods to keep diarrhea from getting worse. 

Over-the-counter medicines that neutralize your stomach acid can help fight these infections. Medicines that treat symptoms like diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal pains can help ease the stress and pain of the infection. Don’t take over-the-counter treatments unless your doctor tells you to do so. 

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Overview

The oral cavity contains some of the most varied and vast flora in the entire human body and is the main entrance for two systems vital to human function and physiology, the gastrointestinal and respiratory systems. Several diseases involve these two systems and manifest in the oral cavity. In addition, a specific pathologic condition, such as periodontitis (ie, inflammation of the periodontal attachment of the teeth and the alveolar bone), may be present in the oral cavity. These specific conditions in the oral cavity may create foci of infection that can affect many other vital systems, such as the cardiovascular and renal systems. Foci of infection in the oral cavity arising from chronic periodontitis or chronic periapical abscesses (ie, inflammation and abscess of the tissue attached to the apex of the root) may lead to subacute bacterial endocarditis (BE) and glomerulonephritis (GN).

In addition to bacterial organisms, oral microorganisms can include fungal, protozoal, and viral species. The bacteria include hundreds of types of organisms of which only "22 predominant ones have been identified." A variety of organisms in the microenvironment of the oral cavity adhere to the teeth, the gingival sulcus, the tongue, and the buccal mucosa. Each site has a unique way of allowing the organisms to establish their residency. The normal flora in healthy individuals maintains similar patterns. When a local or systemic disease process or concomitant use of medications alters this overall pattern, atypical organisms begin to predominate and some normal organisms with a benign nature, such as Candida albicans, become pathogenic. The microenvironment of the oral cavity changes with the age of the patient, the eruption or loss of teeth, and the appearance of disease states (eg, caries, periodontal disease). Systemic changes, such as pregnancy or drug intake, also alter the number and proportion of flora. These changes are due to alterations in the flow and composition of salivary fluid and in the levels and activity of defense components (eg, immunoglobulins, cytokines) in the saliva.

Increasing evidence indicates that oral microbiota participate in various systemic diseases. Periodontal disease permits organisms to enter deep systemic tissues, such as the carotid atheroma. An association between periodontal pathogens, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, and atherosclerosis has been suggested because of the pathogen's possible direct effect on atheroma formation. P gingivalis has also been found in carotid and coronary atheromas. It may also invade and proliferate within heart and coronary artery endothelial cells, and, along with Streptococcus sanguis, it may also induce platelet aggregation associated with thrombus formation. Oral microorganisms may also enter the deeper tissue after trauma or surgery, which contributes to the disease process, particularly when they cause BE.

Periodontitis is a common chronic bacterial infection of the supporting structures of the teeth. The host response to this infection is an important factor in determining the extent and severity of the disease. Systemic conditions may modify the extent of periodontitis principally through their effects on normal immune and inflammatory mechanisms.

Several systemic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, may increase the prevalence, incidence, or severity of gingivitis and periodontitis. Medications such as phenytoin, nifedipine, and cyclosporin are known to predispose to gingival overgrowth and to increase the severity of plaque formation. Immunosuppressive drug therapy and any disease (eg, HIV infection) resulting in suppression of the normal inflammatory and immune mechanisms can cause or enhance severe periodontal diseases. Smoking, which has an adverse effect on periodontal health, also affects this overall disease condition. Specific diseases, such as histiocytosis, may result in necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis.

The severity and prevalence of periodontitis are increased in persons with diabetes and are worse in persons with poorly controlled diabetes. Periodontitis may exacerbate diabetes by decreasing glycemic control. This effect indicates a degree of synergism and a link between the 2 diseases.

The relative risk of cardiovascular disease is doubled in persons with periodontal disease. Periodontal and cardiovascular disease share many common risk and socioeconomic factors, particularly smoking, which is a powerful risk factor for both diseases. The actual underlying etiology of both diseases is complex, as are the potential mechanisms whereby the diseases may be causally linked. The chronic inflammatory state and microbial burden in persons with periodontal disease may predispose to cardiovascular disease in ways proposed for other infections, such as with Chlamydia pneumoniae.

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Relationship expert Dr Nikki Goldstein says stress and lack of time, combined with opportunity can lead one person or both astray.

'If you have been facing issues throughout the year, these could tip your relationship over the edge as the holiday period approaches, 'When there are issues in a relationship, it would seem simple to just address them, but there are often also so many other things going on in life.'

Dr Goldstein says financial, work and family stress; and simply a lack of time can all negatively impact a romantic relationship.

The author says on top of that there's pressure to have the perfect home and find the time exercise – and sadly this can mean that our relationships are not a priority. 'Often a couple can be in denial about the issues that they are facing or how unhappy they are, only making matters worse.'

Dr Goldstein says there are several reasons why someone cheats, but often it's because there's "trouble at home".

'It's not necessary a lack of sex or having lots of arguments, but when a couple are struggling, things like intimacy, connection and desire go out the window,' she says. 'It can be a lonely place even though you might be surrounded by people and sharing a bed with your spouse.

'With celebrations, Christmas parties and that feeling of letting your hair down over a few drinks, what happens when you meet someone who shows you that attention, makes you feel desired or you feel that intimacy with. by Ashley Madison, a married dating website, new research revealed that there has been an 8.1 per cent increase in signups between December and January in the past five years. 

So how can we keep our relationship strong well into the new year? 

Dr Goldstein says to be mindful of how festivities may affect your partner and schedule in time alone to celebrate your relationship. 'Sneak in a date night or do something that reminds you of what you do have at home,' she advises.  

'But whilst you are focusing on presents and end of year parties, also focus on that special someone in your life and make sure that time, connection and intimacy with them is also on that long list of things to do,' she adds.

'You can never completely cheat proof a relationship nor should that be your goal. 

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A serving police officer who ‘revelled’ in his double life as the head of a drugs gang posed with a Breaking Bad Walter White t-shirt at his secret cannabis farms, a court heard.

PC Daniel Aimson, 36, was at the head of a conspiracy which flooded the streets of Manchester and North Wales with the class B drug.

He also stole the identity of an unsuspecting member of the public, taking the man’s driving licence after stopping the motorist and using it to lease one of the premises used as a cannabis farm.

To the wider public, the two drug factories, based at commercial premises in Railway Road, Leigh, were a newsagents and a lettings firm. But when police raided the buildings, they found sophisticated cannabis farms with 165 plants across the two sites, potentially worth more than £84,000, it was said.

Aimson was sacked by Greater Manchester Police in February after admitting his part in the conspiracy. He and his ‘right hand man’ Hussein Mozahem, 25, who Aimson had met at the gym, had plans to expand the business and had conducted cannabis grows there previously, a Manchester Crown Court sentencing hearing was told on Monday. After receiving intelligence, officers launched a surveillance operation, monitoring comings and goings on Railway Road in the weeks before their raid.

It was during their investigation that Aimson was seen wearing the t-shirt referencing the hit show.

Prosecutor Owen Edwards said: “He (Aimson) was seen at various stages on his own CCTV hard drive to wear a t-shirt depicting the lead character Walt in the hit TV series called Breaking Bad.

“The character plays a respectable chemistry teacher who adopts a professional approach to the production and distribution of the drug crystal meth, and becomes in the process a highly successful drug dealer.

“In his various text messages it is clear that Aimson revelled in his double life as officer and criminal. The court heard that Aimson, Mozahem and a man named George Parkinson were involved in a WhatsApp group in which Aimson said: “Proper shift that today. Top effort.”

Aimson was on sick leave from GMP during his offending. Mr Edwards said that between January 2015 and June last year, Aimson and seven other defendants were involved in the production of cannabis on a commercial scale.

Both of the Railway Road sites were initially leased out legitimately by Richard Grady, 31, on behalf of his company Morgan and Co, with one being used as the company’s base. The court heard that as the business began to struggle, Grady allowed Aimson, who is married to Grady’s sister, to take over the building.

Aimson told Grady that a ‘friend’ wanted the building.

In reality the ‘friend’ did not exist, and Aimson was using the identity of the man whose driving licence he had confiscated following a routine spot check in 2013, because it had expired. Aimson also tried to set up a bank account in the man’s name, but it was blocked due to discrepancies.

Mr Edwards said Grady later became aware of what was actually happening in the buildings but went along with it.

There were ‘sophisticated’ set ups in both cannabis farms, with 600 watt high energy lamps, an industrial odour neutraliser to mask smells, black out blinds as well as digital temperature and humidity monitoring, the court heard. According to prosecutors, Michael Hutton, 53, another brother-in-law to Aimson, provided the criminal links needed to sell the drugs.

Hutton was linked to Steven Hindley, 27, who is said to have purchased wholesale amounts of cannabis from Hutton on behalf of a more senior criminal in North Wales. George Parkinson, 30, worked to maintain the cannabis farms and Christopher King, 49, provided cannabis plants to grow.

Defending Aimson, Martin Callery said his client does not accept that he ‘revelled’ in his double life.

“He does not accept that he assumed some sort of fictional double life modelled on some television character,” Mr Callery said.

Mr Callery said that Aimson’s policing career had been ‘blighted’ by three serious road traffic accidents that occurred while on duty, which he was not to blame for.

In one of the incidents he only returned to work fully four years after the crash.

Aimson, who joined GMP in 2002 after graduating from university, is having a ‘very difficult time of it’ in prison as a former police officer, Mr Callery said. Aimson, of Ullswater Road, Astley, Wigan; Grady, of Park Road, Leigh; Hutton, of Pollard Street, Ancoats; King, of Bowling Green Court, Huddersfield; Mozahem, of Findlay Street, Leigh; Parkinson, of Ullswater Street, Leigh, and Vaiders, of Jaffrey Street, Leigh, have all pleaded guilty to conspiracy to produce cannabis.

Hindley, of Maesgwyn, Rhyl, North Wales, pleaded guilty to being concerned in the supply of cannabis.

Aimson also admitted misconduct in a public office.

Hutton has also admitted possession of amphetamine with intent to supply and Vaiders has pleaded guilty to possession of cocaine with intent to supply.

All eight men will be sentenced on Tuesday morning. 

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TODAY'S THE DAY -- AN ASTEROID WILL HAVE A CLOSE CALL WITH EARTH A large flying object expected Dec. 16 has caught NASA's attention, but it isn't Santa Claus' sleigh.

Instead, an asteroid called 3200 Phaethon is projected to come close enough to Earth that it's been classified as "potentially hazardous" by the International Astronomical Union's Minor Planet Center. NASA expects Phaethon to be the closest to Earth on Dec. 16, when it's projected to be more than 6.4 million miles away. That's about 27 times the average distance between Earth and the moon, which is 238,855 miles. 

It will be the closest this asteroid has been to Earth since Dec. 16, 1974, when it was just over 5 million miles away, according to NASA. But humans weren't aware of its presence until later; the asteroid was first discovered in 1983.

It's not expected to be this close to Earth again until 2093, when it's projected to pass more than 1.8 million miles away.

While the "potentially hazardous" classification may sound alarming, CBS News space consultant Bill Harwood said there's really no reason to worry about this asteroid hitting Earth.

"Any body that's bigger than about 500 feet across and its orbit carries it within about 4.6 million miles of Earth at any point in its orbit is classified as a 'potentially hazardous' object," he explained. "Meaning over millennia — lots and lots of time — gravitational interactions with the outer planets, you know, other objects in the solar system might perturb the orbit enough that it could actually impact the Earth."

He continued, "Now in the case of this asteroid, that's not the case. They think this asteroid — and its orbit is very well known — will never get closer than about 1.8 million miles of the Earth. "The 2017 apparition is the closest to Earth since the asteroid's discovery, so it may be possible for optical observers to detect new activity," NASA said. The space agency is planning radar observations and said it hopes to obtain detailed images as the object zooms by. At its closest approach, Phaethon may be visible with a small telescope in dark skies.

3200 Phaethon is named for a figure in Greek mythology. According to legend, Phaethon, son of the Sun god Helios, lost control of his father's chariot and nearly set the Earth on fire. 

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A mother-of-five is raising money to pay for pioneering treatment after she was diagnosed with terminal breast  cancer and given just 12 weeks to live.

Karen Land, 39, from Nottingham, had just finished training for her dream job to become a firefighter when she was told she has just three months to live.

She said: 'It's all happened so quickly. Nine weeks ago I was fit and healthy and training for my dream job and now I have three months left. 'It is almost surreal, I think I am still in shock.'

Ms Land now hopes that immunotherapy treatment will give her more time with her children Luke, 23, Jamie, 19, Adam, 18, Samuel, 8 and Ruby, 6.

The treatment is only available privately, or at a clinic in Germany where each treatment is £5,000 - so Karen is raising funds to pay for it.

'The older children understand more, and it is very upsetting for them,' she said. Sam and Ruby know I'm poorly but they don't really understand what is happening. I don't want to scare them.'

Immunotherapy - which works by helping the immune system recognise and attack cancer cells - is being trialled on the NHS and has already been approved for use with skin cancer. Ms Land said: 'This treatment is not going to cure me, but it will give melonger than chemotherapy might.

'I am still thinking that if the treatment works I will still be able to go back to work. If immunotherapy allows me to do that, it would be fantastic.'

Her partner Kevin Brett, 55, is a firefighter at Newark Fire Station, Nottingham. Ms Land, who has spent a lot of a life as a stay-at-home parent, had just finished training for her dream job as a firefighter when she was diagnosed.

'This job meant everything to me. It was so hard to get on the training course, and I put so much work into it.

'Just when I finally passed and achieved my dream, it was all snatched away,' she added.

Before the diagnosis, Ms Land was assigned to Retford Fire Station, and hopes to go back to work there if the treatment works. Ms Land is hoping to raise £100,000 and has so far raised over £9,000.  To donate, visit her JustGiving page. 

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Researched information on Semen color
Semen is considered normal when it is white or a light gray color. Semen that does not fall in this range of color may indicate a medical condition. Unusual colors like yellow or green indicate that you may have a prostate infection, and should speak with your medical provider as soon as possible to determine if an infection is present and if antibiotics are needed.

Yellow semen may also indicate urine in the semen. This can be an issue that requires attention from a fertility specialist, as it may indicate infertility. Pink or reddish-brown semen suggests that you may have some bleeding from or inflammation of your prostate. Most doctors will advise consulting with your provider in order to determine if a change in semen coloration requires testing or treatment.

Semen texture/consistency
The texture and consistency of semen is also important. Typically, semen is thick immediately after ejaculation and thins over time. If you find that your semen has changed to a runny or overly sticky texture, then a medical condition may be present.

When to speak with a physician
Often, a change in semen is temporary and will resolve itself on its own after a short period of time. However, a change in semen could indicate a medical condition. If changes in your semen last for more than one week, or if these changes are accompanied by sexual dysfunction, blood in urine, pain, itching, or fever, then it’s best to contact your provider. If your doctor determines that a medical issue is present that affects your fertility, Dr. Bastuba of the Male Fertility & Sexual Medicine Specialists (MFS) can provide a somen analysis in order to determine the best course of treatment for your situation.