Everyone dreams – even people who believe that they “never dream” and can’t remember any of their dreams. That’s according to a group of French researchers writing in the Journal of  Research. In questionnaire surveys, up to 6.5% of people report that they ‘never dream’. Although most of these people report having dreamed at some point in the past, roughly 1 in every 250 people say that they can’t remember ever dreaming – not even once.

But is it possible that these “non-dreamers” do in fact have dreams, but just can’t remember them?

To study this question, Herlin et al., authors of the new paper, looked at people with REM sleep behavior disorder RBD, a condition in which patients make movements, sometimes violent ones, while they sleep. Sometimes these movements are accompanied by speech. The movements seen in RBD are often quite complex and, interestingly, they seem to correspond to the content of the dreams that patients are experiencing. At least some of the actions seen in RBD are ‘acted out’ dreams.

Herlin et al. report that some RBD patients report never dreaming: out of 289 diagnosed RBD cases, 2.7% reported that they had not dreamed for at least 10 years, and 1.1% said that they had never dreamed ever. However, in many cases their actions during sleep (captured on video in the sleep clinic) suggested that they were dreaming. Herlin et al. quote some examples: This certainly sounds like dream-like speech and actions. On the basis of these cases, Herlin et al. conclude that “dreaming production is universal, while dreaming recall is variable.”

Which raises an interesting philosophical question: what is a dream? Is it simply a subjective experience during sleep? If so, how can be sure that these patients are dreaming? Maybe they are just behaving as if they are dreaming, but without any conscious content. Maybe non-dreamers are a concrete example of philosophical zombies, a zombies of hypothetical creature that behaves like a normal human, but has no conscious experiences.

On the other hand, maybe some people do have dreams but never remember them. Maybe we all experience this – we might have many dreams every night, and only remember some of them. But are they really “my” dreams if I don’t remember them? Or is memory what binds together experiences into my identity?

I do note, however, that there is a selection bias in this study. All of the patients were undergoing evaluation for sleep behavioral problems, which seems to mean that they were making movements in their sleep that were a risk to themselves or others.

However, if the movements in RBD are related to dreams, then someone who really never dreams would never make such movements. Such a person could develop full-blown RBD, but no-one would ever know about it, because they would have no dreams to act out. In other words, genuine non-dreamers might be out there, and would never make it into a study like this.

Many people have unexplained lights flickering in their homes, or bulbs that blow for no reason. They replace them and they go again. There could be an explanation for this but often an electrician is called out only to find no fault.

I remember a time not to long ago that a lady came to me for a reading. Her husband had passed a year ago and he came in and said to me, “You will know it’s me as I am going to prove that I am around you by blowing all the light bulbs when you get home.” We both had a good laugh. She had travelled 5 hours to see me and when she got home she turned the lights on and all the bulbs blew out! She could not believe it. She phoned me the next day to tell me what had happened and I said, “Well you kept saying to your husband, I can’t feel you around me – show me that you are here and he did, in a big way!”

When the lights flicker it’s often someone from the other side trying to contact you, so just ask in your mind, “Who is this please”? A face or a name will come to you. Don’t dismiss it and think oh it’s my imagination just trust your thoughts.

2. Music Playing

Often people will hear a piece of music that reminds them of someone that has passed over. You may turn on the radio and hear a piece of music that was played at their funeral, it’s just them saying hello!

3. Room temperature changes

I ‘d say that this is the most common sign that spirit is close by. There may be a cold breeze or the room temperature might suddenly drop without a window or door being open. We are warm blooded and spirit is pure energy. Sometimes they will come very close to our energy field and this can be felt very strongly by some people.

As a child I remember the saying, ‘Someone just walked over my grave’ often used when a cold shiver was felt. In other words this is saying that someone is visiting you from the grave. You might notice it if you are talking about someone who has passed or thinking about them and you get the goosebumps – this is also their way of popping in to say Hi.

4. Numbers and Clocks Stopping 

Sometimes people will look at the clock and keep seeing the same time over and over again – this can be at any time of the day. There is a number that’s being shown to a lot of people lately, it’s the number 11.11.

I myself kept seeing this and I asked spirit, “Ok why are so many people now seeing this number?” They told me that at this time of day or night there is a doorway opening from the other side and we have one minute to repeat over and over again our hopes and wishes, then the door closes. It’s a gateway of very high energy. The number 11 is a master number in numerology so putting it together with another 11 is very powerful. So, next time you see 11.11, you have one minute to think of all things positive.

Sometimes a clock stops, it may be at the certain time that someone passed over and they want you to remember them.

5. Number Plates

From time to time when we are driving and stop at traffic lights for example, we might notice that the car in front of has a number plate that reminds us of someone.

I remember a friend that I really tried to help, she wanted to commit suicide and in the end, sadly she took her own life. A few months later I was waiting at the traffic lights and I saw her face in my mind’s eye and could hear her voice. She said to look at the number plate of the car in front. Her name was BEV and there on the car in front was BEV, no other numbers or anything. I smiled to myself and said, “Yep you are there BEV.”

6. Butterflies
Butterflies are amazing creatures, their colours are just beautiful but they are not around for very long, like us we cannot live forever here on earth. When you see a butterfly, sometimes it means a transformation has taken place, a sign from a loved one that they have transformed over to the other side.

In Chinese legend seeing a butterfly can mean a soul has come to see you from the other side, so if a face or a voice comes into your mind it is the soul of that person acknowledging you and letting you know that they are around you.

7. Feathers

Often we will find a feather that comes from nowhere. At one of my shows recently I was talking to a lady in the audience and her husband came through. I said to her that he keeps showing me a white feather that he will give to you which will be a sign from him. At that moment, out of the blue a feather floated down from the ceiling and fell just in front of her. Everyone could see it as the stage lights were very bright. We were all blown away! She has since been to another show and spoke to me afterwards to tell me that this sign had changed her life completely and she was able to move forward knowing that he was ok and was there around her.

8. Shadows out the corner of your eye

Often when spirit is around us we see a shadow very quickly. It’s as fast as the blink of an eye. Sometimes it’s like a mist as spirits are not solid. Also we may see the spirit of our animals as they go to the other side.

9. Phone ringing once

This is a very interesting one, I have had quite a few people say they still have their loved one’s mobile phone and that their own phones have rung with their loved one’s number coming up on the screen. Spirit still thinks of their phone as their connection to you and that’s what they would do if they wanted to speak to you, but of course if you were to pick up you would not hear them. Sound on the other side is a very different vibration to the sound on earth and you need to really tune in to what you are hearing from the spirit would, which takes practice!

I often call myself the switchboard operator for the other side or the translator. I have had the ability to do this right back from my childhood, so to me it’s very normal.

Last year, I was talking to around 300 people at a spiritual festival. I asked everyone to turn their phones off. During my speech I talked about Egypt, the pyramids and the ancient wisdom of the Egyptian’s, along with their belief in the afterlife. After my talk had ended and I was leaving the room, a man stopped me. He seemed shocked and wanted to show me something. He said that he had turned his phone off as asked and when he switched it on again his phone was full of hieroglyphics and sure enough, it was. I was astounded myself but I have come to witness amazing things through spirit.

10. Orbs in photos

A lot of people are capturing orbs in their phones and cameras, orbs have always been there but due to the fast speed of iPhone’s and cameras we can see them more easily and mush more quickly as we no longer need to get films processed and developed anymore.

So what are these balls of light? They are spirit and they are just letting us know that they are around us. They can often be seen in family photos taken at birthdays, Christmas, weddings and christenings. They want to say that they are still part of the family but just in another world and that they have never really left you.

At my sister’s wedding in England many people had taken photos. At this point both my mother and my brother-in-laws mother had passed away. During the reception people were viewing the photos that they had taken and someone asked my sister what the two light orbs around both of out heads were. My sister asked me and I told her that it was mum and her mother in law and that they just wanted to be part of the wedding group.

People experience different aspects that develop around negative responses within social environment that builds a wall between different cultures, it could be within the law or within the work place environment that places a one sided element to the attitude of people, respect is addressed to all differences between culture, taking the side of destroying a person understanding within there self or talking untruth stories that lead to negative downfall is a source of discrimination based around the racial aspect. It's a aspect of human rights that lead to the term of discrimination. Human rights are a means of respecting someones life and not to take advantage of there life as it is a important purpose to a person. People choose to brake the law or hold a different route to there path in there life still hold human rights to them self but can be obstructed by means of force. No has control over a person that is of adult nature to tell that what is right from wrong based around human rights within discrimination. People source information that obtains a purpose in being different that can be within culture or education to understand how people are different. Everyone has a different view to there understanding in life, if every person was the same the world would be a boring place that holds no key to freedom that is word of speech. Please see discrimination as a bullying tactic that is used by a person or group that holds an advantage over another person, this could be there position in life or there physical power that aims the term discrimination to an individual. Please obtain information of discrimination that is address in the video above. Ps Cs

Two gang members who gunned down an innocent teenager after mistaking him for a rival have been jailed for a minimum of 30 years each.

Student Nana Darko-Frempong, 18, was blasted in the stomach and face just for being “in the wrong place at the wrong time.”

His killers were members of the notorious Roadside Gs street gang, based in Camberwell, south London. They assumed he was a member of the rival TN1 - or Trust No One - clan because he lived on an estate in that gang's Tulse Hill heartland.

Christopher Gabriel, 25, used a sawn-off shotgun for the drive-by hit on June 6, 2011, while another man, also 25, who cannot be named, fired at the victim with an automatic pistol.

Other members of the gang then burned the stolen Ford Focus used in the drive-by hit so the killers could escape justice.

But they were tracked down after an associate called police and identified them.

In a statement read to the court, Nana's father Roddy said of his son: “Despite his non-participation in gang culture and the evil they generated, their evil came to him.

“For them, his life had no value. It was a cruel and despicable act, aided and abetted by cruel, horrible people.”

Christopher Gabriel, 25, and a second man, also 25, who cannot be named, were convicted of murder following a three-and-a-half month Old Bailey trial.

Judge Nicholas Cooke jailed them each for life yesterday and ordered them to serve a minimum of 30 years behind bars.

He said: “This was a gang-organised shooting of a wholly innocent teenager. There has been no indication of genuine remorse of the part of either of you. There is little purpose in wasting any further words on you.”

Romario Henry, 21, along with two men, aged 27 and 24, who cannot be named were convicted of perverting the course of justice and each jailed for eight years.

Judge Cooke told them: “You three knew that the car which was burned out had been used in a shooting that was likely to have been fatal. You were in fact by destroying this car approving of their act. Indeed, even now, although you have long since become aware of just how dreadful that shooting was you have shown not one shred of remorse. Your conduct was intended to make bringing the killers to justice impossible.”

Al Daniels, 22, was convicted of firearms offences and will be sentenced next month.

A seventh defendant, Sachia Clarke, 22, was cleared of six firearms charges but jurors were unable to reach a verdict on a further two counts. 

Naked yoga helps you discover an entirely new way of looking at your own body, inspiring you to take pride and pleasure in your unique physique and capabilities. It  teaches you to embrace your imperfections and open your heart to yourself and to the world with courage and confidence. For people who suffer from low self-esteem and poor body image,  when they practice without clothing in a safe, nurturing environment, they come to appreciate their bodies and understand that their feelings of shame are not their own, but a kind of inherited mind-state that comes as a result of societal judgments. Naked yoga helps anyone who wishes to be free of the emotional shackles that prevent us from celebrating all that we are, and all that we can be.  Well-crafted naked yoga practices remove any sense of restriction from clothing, promoting a greater sense of freedom, confidence, and an enhanced appreciation for the body. Seeing and feeling the body as it stretches and moves from one pose to the next results in a more mindful, sensual and connected practice. And when we are connected to ourselves, we are able to cultivate an inner awareness that leads us to a place where we can transcend earthly concerns and embrace a higher consciousness. Also, when we consider the role that clothing has played in society, it seems to be in direct opposition to the spirit of yoga which speaks to “oneness” and union. By design, clothing reminds us of our differences, and serves as a distraction that leads us away from a central yogic principal: the commonality of all living things, which inspires peace, compassion and dedication to spirit. 

Aside from the well-known physiological benefits from practicing yoga, stress reduction, increased energy, enhanced overall strength, stamina and flexibility, improved respiratory, cardiovascular, endocrine and brain function, naked yoga practitioners experience greater self-acceptance, appreciation and self-actualization. Feeling good psychologically is a powerful immune-booster, and everyone knows that when we feel better mentally, we feel better physically as well. Naked yoga allows people to experience freedom from inhibitions, opinions of others and any shame about the body, which can lead to low energy and poor health. As you learn to love and respect yourself, negativity burns away and any of the physical repercussions from harboring or holding toxic emotions get resolved. The body, mind and sprite unite and heal, and you feel deeply energized, vital and calm. 

Burning, itching, and an unpleasant odor are just some of the common symptoms of vaginal infections. But treatments vary by condition, so it's important to know which type of vaginal infection you have. Vaginal infections, or vaginitis, are very common — so much so that most women will experience some form of vaginal infection or inflammation during their lifetime.

“To the gynecologist, vaginitis is a vaginal discharge with or without itching and burning, with or without an odor, says Gregory R. Moore, MD, MPH, an obstetrician-gynecologist and director of the University Health Service at the University of Kentucky in Lexington. Some women seem to be more prone to vaginal infections than others for reasons that are not entirely obvious, Dr. Moore says.

What Upsets the Normal Vaginal Balance

A healthy vagina has many bacteria and yeast. However, some things can disturb that healthy balance. These include:

• Douches 
• Hormone level changes
• Antibacterial 
• Vaginal intercourse
• Pregnancy and breastfeeding The Most Common Types of Vaginal Infections
  There are three very common types of vaginal infections, says Cynthia Krause, MD, assistant clinical professor of obstetrics and gynecology at Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York City.
  • Yeast infections. The most common type of vaginitis, a yeast infection is caused by one of the many species of fungus known as Candida. Candida live naturally in your body in small numbers, including in the vagina, and usually don't cause any harm.
    However, Candida thrive in a warm, moist, airless environment and, under those conditions, can grow in number, causing a vaginal infection. Dr. Krause says, “There are many species of yeast or Candida — Candida is the most common.”
    Symptoms of a vaginal yeast infection include a thick, white discharge that some women describe as resembling cottage cheese. Yeast infections also can cause vaginal infection and redness of the vulva (the lips of the external female genital area) and vagina.
  • Bacterial vaginosis. Along with yeast, “friendly” bacteria called lactobacilli live in the vagina. When the number of lactobacilli gets too low, it can trigger a condition called bacterial infection. 
    Why bacteria levels change is not known, but the normal lactobacilli can be replaced by other infection-causing bacteria. “Gardnerella is the bacteria most often associated with bacterial vaginosis,” Krause says. “It is the lack of lactobacilli and overgrowth with these other bacteria that cause the symptoms of infection.”
    With bacterial vaginosis, a woman may see a thick or whitish discharge or one that is slippery and clear. It is not likely to itch or burn. A fishy odor may be noticeable, especially during intercourse. Trichinosis. “Of the three most common vaginal infections, trichomonas vaginitis is the only one that is a true sexually transmitted infection,” Krause says. Commonly called “trich,” it is caused by a single-celled parasite, trichomonas vaginalis, and is passed from partner to partner during intercourse.
  • The symptoms of trichomonas vaginitis are similar to other vaginal infections: burning, irritation, redness, and swelling of the vulva, with a yellow-gray or greenish vaginal discharge, possibly with a fishy odor. Some women also experience pain during urination.
  Other Vaginal Infections and Conditions
  Other common vaginal infections and causes of vaginal itching include:
  
  
  • Chlamydia vaginitis. Chlamydia, is a sexually transmitted disease that can cause inflammation of the vagina. Some women will have a discharge with chlamydia and some will not. A more common symptom is bleeding, especially after intercourse. “Sexually active women up to age 26 should be tested annually for chlamydia because it so often comes without symptoms and can linger and do a fair amount of damage to fertility,” Moore says.
  • Noninfectious vaginitis.Noninfectious vaginitis is when the skin around the vagina becomes sensitive to an irritant such as scented tampons, perfumed soaps, or fabric softeners. This is not an infection, and the solution is simple: “Not to be exposed to whatever you are having a reaction to,” Moore says. This is a condition in which women have chronic pain or discomfort of the vulva without a known cause. The symptoms are similar to vaginal infections: burning, stinging, rawness, soreness, and swelling. Symptoms may be constant or occasional.
  • Viral vaginosis. Viruses also can cause vaginal infections. Most viruses are spread through sexual contact. “The herpes simplex virus is a common cause of viral vaginosis,” Moore says. Symptoms include pain in the genital area from lesions or sores. Most of the time, you can see the sores on the vulva or vagina, but they can also be hidden and seen only during an examination by your gynecologist.

Most existing cancer drugs and treatments are poisons, designed to attack and hopefully kill cancer cells, or at least slow their growth.

But most of these treatments attack not just cancer cells, but healthy cells, too. Thus, people taking the drugs too often suffer horrible side effects on top of whatever havoc the cancer itself is already wreaking. They become thin and weak. They lose their hair and their color.

But now, the next revolution in cancer therapy may have arrived.

It’s called “molecularly targeted therapy.” The treatment consists of drugs designed at the molecular level of the cell to specifically attack and kill only the cancer cells of a specific type of cancer. And they are tailor-made to recognize specific molecules unique to specific cancers. The new method of killing cancer cells– called Caspase Independent Cell Death (CICD), led to the complete eradication of tumours in experimental models.

Currently most anti-cancer therapies, which include chemotherapy, radiation and immunotherapy, work by killing cancer cells through a process called apoptosis. This process activates proteins called caspases, leading to cell death.

But in apoptosis, therapies often fail to kill all cancer cells, leading to disease recurrence, and can also have unwanted side effects that may even promote cancer. Scientists at the University of Glasgow wanted to develop a way to improve therapy that induces cancer cell killing while also making sure to limit unwanted toxicity “Our research found that triggering Caspase-Independent Cell Death (CICD), but not apoptosis, often led to complete tumour regression,” said Dr Stephen Tait, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Institute of Cancer Sciences.

“Especially under conditions of partial therapeutic response, as our experiments mimic, our data suggests that triggering tumour-specific CICD, rather than apoptosis, may be a more effective way to treat cancer.”

Unlike apoptosis, which is a silent form of cell death, when cancer cells die through CICD, they alert the immune system through the release of inflammatory proteins. The immune system can then attack the remaining tumour cells that evaded initial therapy-induced death.

The researchers used bowel cancer cells grown in the lab to show the advantage of killing cancer cells via CICD. Experts also said the benefits could work with other types of cancer.

He added: “In essence, this mechanism has the potential to dramatically improve the effectiveness of anti–cancer therapy and reduce unwanted toxicity.

“Taking into consideration our findings, we propose that engaging CICD as a means of anti-cancer therapy warrants further investigation.