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I have this horrid poo smell from my mouth. I brush my teeth twice a day, floss, use Dentyl PH mouthwash, I have the best oral hygeine of anyone I know but I still have this smell. I am too embarrassed to even ask my flriends or family to tell me my breath stinks. I am becoming totally reclusive because of it. Id rather go to my GP and tell him ive got an STD. I know ive got it coz sometimes people look around and ask if ive farted, and I see people with babies smelling their nappies when I speak. It really is starting to badly affect my life but I just cant pluck up the courage ot go to my GP. How on earht can i ay "DR, My breath smells like poo!" Please, if anyone has any tips let me know. Everyone experiences breath odor at some point in their lives. It can be concerning to have a strong odor on your breath that brushing and mouthwash don’t seem to help — especially if your breath smells like feces. While there are some benign causes for breath that smells like poop, most of the issues that cause this phenomenon are more serious and require medical attention. Possible causes
There are a number of different causes of breath that smells like poop, ranging from poor hygiene to liver failure. Let’s take a look at them.
Poor hygiene
Poor oral hygiene can cause your breath to smell like poop. Failing to brush and floss your teeth properly and regularly can make your breath smell because plaque and bacteria accumulate on and between your teeth. Food that’s not removed by flossing stays between your teeth, causing your breath to smell unpleasant.
Gum disease can also contribute to foul-smelling breath. It’s caused by neglecting oral hygiene. Neglecting your oral health also leads to an overgrowth of bad bacteria in the mouth, which can cause the odor on your breath. Dentures that aren’t properly cleaned on a daily basis can also cause severe halitosis.
Bowel obstruction
Intestinal obstructions are dangerous medical emergencies that occur when a blockage forms in either your large or small intestine.
A blockage in your intestinal tract can cause breath that smells like feces due not only to the feces that are trapped inside your intestines, but also due to food you’ve eaten that can’t move down your intestinal tract. Anything you eat while unable to pass a bowel movement remains inside the digestive tract and ferments, causing bad breath.
The Muslim population could triple in some European countries by 2050, with the UK projected to see one of the most rapid rises throughout the continent.
A report entitled Europe's Growing Muslim Population said the percentage of Muslims making up the total population of Britain could rise from 9.7 to 17.2 per cent.
It attributed the rise to the levels of migration in 2015 and 2016, plus Muslims as a whole having a higher birth rate and lower average age to other Europeans.
As of 2016, the UK's share of Muslims was recorded as 6.3 per cent, compared to the European total of 4.9 per cent.
An inflation to 17.2 per cent in the UK, the highest projected increase, would see the number of Muslims in Britain triple. The Pew Research Center report modeled three scenarios for estimating the number of Muslims who would be living in Europe by 2050.
All three used a mid-2016 estimate of 25.8 million as a baseline, but assumed different future migration rates.
A breakthrough Alzheimer's drug edges scientists one step closer to a cure, new research suggests.
Taken twice a day, a tablet, known as LMTX, significantly improves dementia sufferers' brain injuries to the extent their MRI scans resemble those of healthy people after just nine months, a study found.
Lead author Professor Gordon Wilcock from the University of Oxford told MailOnline: 'I haven't seen such brain injury recovery before after a drug treatment.'
LMTX, which is under investigation, also significantly improves patients' abilities to carry out everyday tasks such as bathing and dressing themselves, while also boosting their capabilities to correctly name objects and remember the date, the research adds.
The drug contains a chemical that dissolves protein 'tangles' in the brain that clump together to form plaques in the region associated with memory, according to its manufacturer TauRx Pharmaceuticals. Y
Dissolving these tangles and preventing the formation of new plaques may slow or even halt memory loss in dementia sufferers, the pharma company adds.
Alzheimer's disease affects around 850,000 people in the UK and 5.5 million in the US. How the research was carried out
Researchers from the universities of Oxford and Aberdeen analysed 800 Alzheimer's patients across 12 countries.
The study's participants received a 100mg LMTX tablet twice a day for 18 months.
They were tested on their ability to name objects, follow commands such as 'make a fist', recall items from a list of 10 and identify their name, the time of day and date.
Their ability to eat without help, use a telephone, wash and dress themselves, and control their bowel and bladder was also assessed.
MRI scans monitored the participants' brain injury.
Patients' brain scans resemble those without dementia after nine months
Results reveal after just nine months patients' brain injuries improved significantly to the extent their MRI scans resembled those of healthy, elderly people without dementia.
Professor Wilcock said: 'I haven't seen such brain injury recovery before after a drug treatment.'
The participants' ability to complete tasks such as correctly naming objects and eating unassisted also significantly improved.
Drug side effects were largely gastrointestinal or urinary related, which caused 40 patients to discontinue the treatment.
Professor Wilcock said: 'This drug, like all drugs, has side effects, the bigger the dose the more likely you are to get side effects.'
Further studies investigating a lower LMTX dose are due to begin shortly.
Professor Wilcock said: 'It will only be approved and available for patients if future trials are positive. It will probably be another five years.'
The findings were published in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease.
Dr James Pickett, head of research at Alzheimer's Society, said: 'When the results of the LMTX drug were first presented in 2016, questions were raised amongst the research community about how the results were interpreted.
'This newer trial takes a different analytical approach and while we encourage researchers to explore all potential angles in their data there are some issues remaining that mean we cannot interpret this data as a positive result.
'These issues include the lack of a strong control group and that the numbers of people who were taking LMTX alone are quite small.
'We have been waiting more than 15 years for a new drug for dementia. This was the first large-scale trial to target another potential culprit, the tau protein. From the results that we have seen, we cannot say that LMTX is an effective drug for Alzheimer's.
The definition of a psychopath and causes of psychopathy are sometimes argued about in scientific circles, but understanding the symptoms and signs of a psychopath is possible. Psychopathy causes may include genetics and early life factors and the signs and symptoms of a psychopath are typically noticeable before a psychopath's 16th birthday as these symptoms are thought to be fairly stable across the lifetime. Learn more about psychopathy below.
Definition of Psychopathy
The definition of psychopathy can be challenging as depending on the researcher, psychopathy is defined slightly differently and often many psychopaths traits are taken into account. That said, a simple definition of psychopathy is provided by the Society for the Scientific Study of Psychopathy. Psychopathy is:
"A constellation of traits that comprises affective features, interpersonal features, as well as impulsive and antisocial behaviors. The affective features include lack of guilt, empathy, and deep emotional attachments to others; the interpersonal features include narcissism and superficial charm; and the impulsive and antisocial behaviors include dishonesty, manipulativeness, and reckless risk-taking. Although psychopathy is a risk factor for physical aggression, it is by no means synonymous with it. In contrast to individuals with psychotic disorders, most psychopaths are in touch with reality and seemingly rational. Psychopathic individuals are found at elevated rates in prisons and jails, but can be found in community settings as well.
Causes of Psychopathy
No one knows exactly what causes psychopathy but it is likely a combination of genetics, environmental and interpersonal factors. For example, children of psychopaths are more likely to be psychopaths themselves, suggesting genetic influence.
Additionally, some early life experiences have been shown to increase the risks of becoming a psychopath. Poor parenting, parenting that focuses on punishment (rather than rewards) and inconsistent parenting appear to help cause psychopathy. Additional risk factors for psychopathy include:
Substance abuse by the parents
Separation from a parent or lack of parental involvement
Child physical abuse or neglect
Signs and Symptoms of Psychopathy
The signs and symptoms of psychopathy are identified most commonly in scientific studies by Hare's 20-item Psychopathy Checklist-Revised. This checklist identifies the following as the symptoms and signs of psychopathy:
Superficial charm and glibness
Inflated sense of self-worth
Constant need for stimulation
Lying pathologically
Conning others; being manipulative
Lack of remorse or guilt
Shallow emotions
Callousness; lack of empathy
Using others (a parasitic lifestyle)
Poor control over behavior
Promiscuous sexual behavior
Behavioral problems early in life
Lack of realistic, long-term goals
Being impulsive
Being irresponsible
Blaming others and refusing to accept responsibility
Having several marital relationships
Delinquency when young
Revocation of conditional release
Criminal acts in several realms (criminal versatility)
Overpopulation occurs when the population of the world reaches an undesirable number that exceeds its carrying capacity. Its concept originated in 1798 in England when Reverend Thomas Robert Malthus noticed that the production of food production had risen incrementally, while the population grew exponentially. Generally, it is caused by many factors, such as reduced mortality rates.
Now, overpopulation has become a subject of debates around the world, with opposing parties pushing strong beliefs. To build a good opinion about this matter, let us take a look at its facts and statistics.
Facts
According to records, the world population has already soared past 7 billion, and every second of the day, it is growing by 3 people. In 1960, the average life expectancy was 51, which increased to 69 in 2010, hastening population growth. At the current rate, the population of the least-developed countries is expected to double in the next 31 years. Overpopulation is said to have started to degrade the life quality for many, significantly depleting valuable natural resources that they need to thrive and survive. The most recent reports also show that about 783 million people, which are about 10% of the world population, are lacking access to quality drinking water. In the US, there are more than 1.43 million unplanned births happening every year.
Statistics
When the agriculture era began about 8000 B.C., the world population was estimated to be 5 million, and after 8,000 years up to 1 A.D., it was said to had grown to 200 to 600 million, with a growth rate of under 0.05% per year, which was still an imprecise estimate considering that it was done during early historical periods.
During the industrial period, a big series of changes occurred where the world population reached one billion in 1800, two billion only after 130 years in 1930, three billion in less than 30 years in 1959, four billion in just 15 years in 1974 and five billion in only 13 years in 1987.
During the 20th century alone, the world population has grown from 1.65 billion to 6 billion. The yearly growth rate reached its peak at 2% and above in the late 1960s, but it almost halved in 1963.
Currently, such a rate has been declining and is expected to continue to drop in the coming years, becoming less than 1% by 2020 and less than 0.5% by 2050. This means that the population in the world continues to grow in the 21st century, but it will be at a slower rate compared with the recent past.
While it has doubled in four decades from three billion in 1959 to six billion in 1999, it is now estimated to take a further 39 years to grow by only 50% to nine billion by 2038.
As of August 2016, the total number of human beings currently living in the world is estimated at 7.4 billion, with a current growth rate of around 1.13% per year. As for the current average population change, it is estimated at around 80 million every year.
Rib cage pain may be sharp, dull, or achy and felt at or below the chest or above the navel on either side. It may occur after an obvious injury or without explanation.
Rib cage pain can be due to anything from pulled muscles to a rib fracture. This pain may occur immediately upon injury or develop slowly over time. It can also be a sign of an underlying medical condition, so you should report any instance of unexplainable rib cage pain to your doctor immediately.
What causes rib cage pain?
The most common causes of rib cage pain are a pulled muscle or bruised ribs. Other causes of pain in the rib cage area are:
broken ribs
injuries to the chest
rib fractures
diseases that affect the bones, such as osteoporosis
inflammation of the lining of the lungs
muscle spasms
inflamed rib cartilage
What causes rib cage pain?
The most common causes of rib cage pain are a pulled muscle or bruised ribs. Other causes of pain in the rib cage area are:
broken ribs
injuries to the chest
rib fractures
diseases that affect the bones, such asosteoporosis
inflammation of the lining of the lungs
muscle spasms
inflamed rib cartilage
What are the treatment options for rib cage pain?
The recommended treatment for rib cage pain depends on the cause of the pain. If the rib cage pain is due to a minor injury such as a pulled muscle or bruise you can use a cold compress on the area to reduce swelling. If you’re in significant pain, you can also take over-the-counter pain relievers such as (Tylenol).
If over-the-counter medicine doesn't relieve pain from an injury, your doctor can prescribe other medications. You may also receive a compression wrap A compression wrap is a large, elastic bandage that wraps around your chest. The compression wrap holds the area tightly to prevent further injury and greater pain. However, these wraps are necessary in rare cases because the tightness of the compression wrap makes it difficult to breathe. This can increase your risk of pneumonia.
They are many different conditions that can affect the proper functioning of the liver. These are collectively known as hepatic diseases.
Most liver diseases initially present with very few symptoms. The liver is a resilient organ, able to function even when damaged and also to regenerate itself. This may explain why it’s believed that a great deal of liver disease remains undiagnosed in the population as a whole.
However, if liver disease is left untreated it can be fatal. Incidence of liver disease is growing and it is now estimated that it affects some two million people in the UK alone, where it is the fifth largest cause of death. It is therefore important to look after the liver and to seek advice from a doctor if you are concerned about your health.
Symptoms
Untreated liver disease tends to develop over time and generally progresses from initial inflammation (alcoholic hepatitis), to scarring, to irreparable liver damage (cirrhosis) and further complications which may then lead to liver failure or cancerous liver tumours.
Because of the way liver disease presents, with few early signs or symptoms, it may not be diagnosed until it is too late to repair successfully (ie, until liver cirrhosis is diagnosed) and when treatment options may be limited to saving just that part of the liver that is still functioning (resection), or by having a liver transplant.
However, with a wide variety of liver disorders come a wide variety of symptoms.
Here we offer some insights into the liver disorders that consultants at The Princess Grace Hospital regularly test, diagnose and treat.
Most people will be aware of the damage that can be caused to the liver by alcohol abuse. However, this is only one of many causes that our consultants diagnose and treat. Others include:
Liver tumours/cancer) including metastatic (secondary) liver tumours and Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)
Initial diagnosis of liver disease is usually by way of a series of blood tests and/or urine samples which may be supported by the use of imaging/scanning technology (such as a fibroscan) or a biopsy where a small sample of the liver is removed for analysis. Sometimes liver disease is discovered almost by accident during an investigation of other conditions.
Pneumonia happens when bacteria, viruses, and less commonly fungi collect in a person's air sacs and begin to grow. The air sacs may become filled with pus and fluid, which can make breathing more difficult, cause chest pain, and lead to a cough that is different from a person's usual chronic cough associated with their disease.
The good news is that pneumonia may be prevented through proper hand washing and vaccinations.
If you or a loved one has COPD, a lung infection very well may occur at some point. While it's important to focus on preventing infection, you also want to be on top of one if signs and symptoms start to arise. In addition, it can be tricky sometimes to distinguish between a lung infection and a COPD flare.
Symptoms of a Lung Infection
Normal body temperature varies from person to person, but in general, it's around 98.6 F degrees. Having a fever—meaning a temperature at or higher than 100.4 F—is one sign that you may have a lung infection. With a fever, a person may also experience chills or shaking. following signs and symptoms of lung infection should alert you to contact your doctor right away:
A sore throat is a painful, dry, or scratchy feeling in the throat.
Pain in the throat is one of the most common symptoms. It accounts for more than 13 million visits to doctor’s offices each year (1).
Most sore throats are caused by infections, or by environmental factors like dry air. Although a sore throat can be uncomfortable, it’ll usually go away on its own.
Sore throats are divided into types, based on the part of the throat they affect: pharyngeal affects the area right behind the mouth. tonsils is swelling and redness of the tonsils, the soft tissue in the back of the mouth.
Laryngitis is swelling and redness of the voice box, or larynx.
The incidence of childhood cancer increased through the second half of the twentieth century and continues to increase today.
We are currently funding more than 50 research projects at centres of excellence around the UK. These projects are investigating a broad range of childhood cancers – helping us to better understand these diseases and to find more effective, less toxic ways of treating them.
Take a look through the pages below to find out more about the research funded by Children with Cancer.
FOR RESEARCHERS
Children with Cancer UK is one of the UK’s leading funders of research into childhood cancer. We fund a broad variety of research aimed at improving our understanding of childhood cancer and improving the outlook for young patients.
OUR CONFERENCES & WORKSHOPS
Through our regular conferences and workshops, we bring together stakeholders in childhood cancer treatment and research to exchange knowledge and ideas. We aim to provide a forum for clinicians, scientists and other stakeholders to discuss and debate key themes, share knowledge and develop new collaborations.
SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY PANEL
Our Scientific Advisory Panel The members of our Scientific Advisory Panel freely give their time and expertise to drive forward research in our fight against childhood cancer. The Panel meets at least four times a year to assess research grant applications, discuss developments in the field and take forward new initiatives. Research into childhood cancer is a broad field and we aim to reflect the diversity of the field amongst the membership of our Panel. Tenure on the Panel is for three years; this may be extended for a further period of up to three years by mutual agreement. At the end of the tenure period, a Panel member will be invited to become a Scientific Advisor.
