Springtail fleas have pale (sometimes spotted, striped or colored) bodies that are divided into several segments measuring about 1/16th of an inch long. They have simple mouth parts which are utilized for piercing and sucking. There are eight simple eyes and four segmented antennae located in the head region.

Springtail fleas get their name owing to a special set of appendages present below the fourth abdominal segment. This appendage, called the furcula, is normally held in place by another special body part (tenaculum) present below the third abdominal segment. On releasing the furcula, the springtail fleas are capable of traveling, jumping or flying through the air nearly 100 times the length of its own body.

The hypogastrura nivicola are also famous for another special suckerlike organ present below the first abdominal segment. This body part allows adhesion, absorption of oxygen and also the ability to drink water from the soil.

Life cycle of the Collembola

Under favorable weather conditions, the hypogastrura nivicola are capable of multiplying very rapidly to the order of thousands per square foot. On drying up of the soil, they need to migrate in search of water.

Springtail fleas generally mate in the spring season and lay hundreds of eggs. They are immune to the cold and can even reproduce in temperatures as low as 40F. The springtail fleas can work their way up to the surface of the snow, earning them the name of ‘snow fleas’.

The eggs develop into nymphs which turn into adulthood in just three weeks provided the weather conditions are right. They have several predators: beetles, ants, centipedes, mites and many other insect-eaters are a threat to snow fleas.

Humans and the hypogastrura nivicola

Springtail fleas do not bite humans and are harmless to most animal groups. However, they migrate during the hot weather from the lawns into the homes. The fact that they are immune to most insecticides makes it difficult to control them.

England's filthiest restaurants should be forced by law to display hygiene ratings, inspectors say. 

Outlets in Wales have had to display food hygiene ratings since 2013, but no such law exists in England.

Inspectors say this results in premises that score lower than three out of five - meaning they must improve hygiene standards - failing to display ratings.

The British Hospitality Association (BHA) said it believed the display of hygiene notices should be voluntary.

The BBC's Inside Out team filmed a hygiene inspection in Leicester, where evidence of mouse and rat droppings, dirty dishes and floors and mouldy kitchen surfaces was uncovered. Andrew Wood, from the inspection team, said: "I find it frustrating [that ratings are not displayed].

"Members of the public are not always able to check the ratings online so in a way they are going into these places blind.

"It must also be frustrating for businesses that have achieved good ratings." 

Leicester City Council's food safety team manager, David Barclay Rhodes, said: "At the moment, I can walk along any street in England and see stickers with five, four and three ratings which mean they are satisfactory or better, but I never see the bad ones. Assistant city mayor of Leicester, Susan Waddington, said: "We feel it would be better if it were compulsory for the rating to be displayed on the window quite clearly and inside the restaurant.

"That way, customers can make a choice and the people that run the businesses have a motivation to improve where hygiene standards are not high enough."

She added: "I think owners would be motivated to push up standards. The BHA said it believed display of the ratings would soon become mandatory in England.

However, it criticised the ratings for a lack of consistency and said it would only support their mandatory display "if an effective and independent appeals process is put into place. 

This term is subjected to a meaning based on a description of a negative disapproval from a justify use of disgusting words, nasty is the term that is calculated to the way it should be addressed, its an attack from another person who has hate or disadvantage to the way in life. Expression is a use of communication that is adapted around different sources of information that would aim to help complete a given purpose to criticize the internal concept of building relations between another person who has hate to help you address information that would aim punishment.

A Strong reason to use a path to uphold a given target that is of negative impact that would affected a person life, a term of death to the soul of one that has the vision to conclude further to be blamed through life that sees a person turn to the dark side of life.

No hope or a dead end that fogs the dark mist with a cold draft that brakes like ice on a frozen lake that swamp's the muck of dirt and grim green slime, no vision but a dark door that can't open with damp that claws the internal frame of the inside that eats like cockroaches through your guts.

Enter the house of lost trust that hears a silent voice that awakes your internal soul like a cry from a child that's lost in the trace of the forgotten in a planet that surrounds million of despaired for the open soul that one has to uphold.

Three knocks on the door and it cracks like shattered glass, an awaken mind that transforms from internal brain functions to a skull of death that has cross bones attached with fire and fly's spraying out of its mouth like a mist of green spiritual cloud, tracks the one who condemns death to the soul who forgives the danger of the dark night that is trapped in a cave of skulls that brakes a sad cry from the internal soul that rages with fire. (Condemn)

Bacterial meningitis is very serious and can be deadly. Death can occur in as little as a few hours. Most people recover from meningitis. However, permanent disabilities (such as brain damage, hearing loss, and learning disabilities) can result from the infection.
There are several types of bacteria that can cause meningitis. Leading causes in the United States include

• Streptococcus pneumoniae
• Group B Streptococcus
• Neisseria meningitidis
• Haemophilus influenzae
• Listeria monocytogenes

On average, bacterial meningitis caused about 4,100 cases and 500 deaths in the United States each year between 2003 and 2007
These bacteria can also be associated with another serious illness, Sepsis is the body’s overwhelming and life-threatening response to infection that can cause tissue damage, organ failure, and death.

Causes

Common causes of bacterial meningitis vary by age group:

• Newborns: Group B Streptococcus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli
• Babies and children: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), group B Streptococcus
• Teens and young adults: Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae
• Older adults: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), group B Streptococcus, Listeria monocytogenes

Risk Factors

Certain people are at increased risk for bacterial meningitis. Some risk factors include:

• Age
  • Babies are at increased risk for bacterial meningitis compared to people in other age groups. However, people of any age can develop bacterial meningitis. See section above for which bacteria more commonly affect which age groups.
• Community setting
  • Infectious diseases tend to spread where large groups of people gather together. College campuses have reported outbreaks of meningococcal disease, caused by N. meningitidis.
• Certain medical conditions
  • There are certain medical conditions, medications, and surgical procedures that put people at increased risk for meningitis.
• Working with meningitis-causing pathogens
  • Microbiologists routinely exposed to meningitis-causing bacteria are at increased risk for meningitis.
• Travel

Charlie sheen is being accused of sodomizing a then 13-year-old Corey Haim on the set of the movie 'Lucas.'

According to the national enquirer a now deceased Haim had told others about how he was allegedly raped as a minor by Sheen, who was 19 at the time, while filming the 1986 movie. 

Former actor Dominick Brascia claims Haim disclosed to him what happened between him and Sheen. Brascia went on the record about what he says Haim told him before he died in 2010 at 38-years-old. 

'Haim told me he had sex with Sheen when they filmed 'Lucas,' Brascia told the Enquirer. 'He told me they smoked pot and had sex. He said they had anal sex. Haim said after it happened Sheen became very cold and rejected him. When Corey wanted to fool around again, Charlie was not interested.'

Meanwhile on Wednesday, Sheen emerged from his parents Martin and Janet Sheen's home looking defiant while smoking a cigarette in the face of the bombshell allegations against him. The magazine also says that Lost Boys actor's closest friend, Corey Feldman, alluded to the alleged incident in his book 'Coreyography: A Memoir.' 

'At some point during the filming [of 'Lucas,' Haim] explained an adult male convinced him it was perfectly normal for older men and younger boys in the business to have sexual relations, that it was ''what all guys do,'' Feldman wrote.

'So they walked off to a secluded area between two trailers during a lunch break for the cast and crew,' continued Feldman,' and Haim, innocent and ambitious as he was, allowed himself to be sodomized.' Feldman never named Sheen as the man in the incident. 

In 2011, according to the Enquirer, when Feldman was asked about Sheen he said: 'I'm not a huge fan of Charlie Sheen…especially the way he's affected other people that I know.' Tellingly, Feldman also said Haim 'fought for his entire life to recover from those early experiences and to get his life together.'

And, just last week, on the Today Show, Feldman said a report coming from the National Enquirer was to be expected. 'They cover it up. They protect it. I know of a friend of mine that actually went and spoke to a reporter and gave all the information and they were -- the day before I launched my campaign, they were supposed to put out a story in the [National] Enquirer.'  

'I believe there's a lot of darkness in Hollywood right now, and I believe it's been there for quite some time,' said Feldman. 'It's going to continue unraveling. This is just the beginning, it's just the tip of the iceberg. 

The anus is considered to be the dirtiest part in body due to its contact with faecal matter. Still, the latest studies conducted by scientist at Harvard school of dental medicine have discovered that there are over 615 different types of bacteria which are messing up your mouth, tongue and other body part making them dirty of dirtiest.

1. MOUTH

Knowing that the mouth is the dirtiest part of your body, for most people will be really shocking.  Laboratory tests at Harvard school of dental medicines have proved that mouth is house of 600 different types of bacteria.

2. ARMPITS

Human armpit is collection of more than 80,000 bacteria and that is the reason why it stinks so awful. Regardless of the fact that deo and perfumes smell good, they still cannot deal with the germs; you need to clean this area on daily basis, using antibacterial soap.

3. EARS

The ear wax provides lubrication to the ear canal and also protects from various bacteria, insect and water. Well, the wax precisely is the reason that makes the ears dirtiest part of the body. Experts warn that if you are not cleaning them regularly, you may get some fungal infection. Human ear has self cleansing ability, but you still need to maintain outer hygiene.

4. TONGUE

Along with mouth, human tongue is house of bacteria sticking to it, as well. Experts explain that the tongue changes its colour if there is some bacteria on it. Therefore, it is important to clean your tongue along with tongue cleaner anytime you clean your mouth.

5. FINGER NAILS

This particularly refers to women who love long nails. All of you need to be aware of the fact that the skin under nails has deadliest bacteria that even may lead death if are not cleaned properly. Before eating or preparing food you should clean your hands and nails thoroughly.

6. HEAD

Most commonly the itching of the head is caused by dandruff, but at some people, the dandruff is mixed with bacteria and that makes your head incredibly dirty part of your body. You should wash your hairs regularly in order to prevent some bacteria eating your scalp.

7. BELLY BUTTON

The belly button also is on the list of dirtiest part of body. It is perfect area for the unseen bacteria. Namely, by not cleaning the navel may cause formation of naval stone in your belly button and over time that may lead to formation of tumour. Don’t forget to clean your belly button every time you take a bath.

8. BOTTOMS

There is no need to discuss more about this body part. It is fact that many bacteria stay in dirty things which makes the anus among the most dirty parts, unless if is cleaned properly.

9. NASAL CAVITY

This part of your face is surrounded by many negligible bacteria and that is the reason why you should pay special attention in cleaning of this part.

Hypocrites groom you to become hyper-aware of your own minor (or non-existent) wrongdoings, while actively dismissing anything that they themselves are doing wrong. First they relocate blame—then, your conscience does the rest of the work for them. Hypocrites are experts at blaming others, while empathetic people are experts at blaming themselves. The more of their poison you absorb, the more you start to doubt yourself, thereby making you more vulnerable to more poison.

These dynamics leave you feeling self-conscious, inferior, insecure, and like nothing you do will ever be good enough—like someone is always judging you. You become a perfectionist, terrified that you might have actually become all of these things you’ve been accused of, But it was all projection.

Hypocrites spend their lives cheating, betraying, conning, and deceiving. But despite this disgusting pattern of behavior, they still feel entitled to point out (or invent) the most minor mistakes in others—and they’ll point them out repeatedly, to negate & excuse all of their own horrible actions.

As a result, you spend more and more time trying to prove your ethics to the most unethical person on the planet. You end up feeling guilty for being five minutes late to a date (months ago), while they gleefully cheat on you with another man or woman.

If the moral scales in your life seem to be skewed beyond all recognition, you likely encountered a pathological hypocrite—or a psychopath.

Here are some warning signs:

1)  Do as I say, not as I do. Their actions never seem to match up with their charming words. They have extremely high expectations in you, but don’t seem to follow those standards themselves. They are allowed to have dinner with their “crazy” ex who’s “still in love” with them, but they’ll give you the silent treatment for going out with your friends.

2)  The rules apply to others, but they do not apply to me. They believe they are above the law—both legally and ethically. They feel entitled to behave however they choose, but others must be kept in line at all times. We see this in politics every single day, when our elected officials stomp across the morals they enforce upon everyone else.

3)  It is always someone else’s fault. It's not their fault for lying. It's your fault for being so petty and pointing out their lie. They might also bring up your past mistakes, to prove that their lie isn't actually so bad by comparison. Someone is always out to get them, and that’s the reason behind all of their problems.

4)  Anyone who points out my wrongdoings should be punished.When all else fails, you must be punished, so you learn not to point out their lies anymore. This can be done through triangulation, cheating, and most commonly—the silent treatment.

5)  The perpetual victim. Their bad behavior always has sob-story roots. They learned to lie because of their abusive ex, or their abusive parent. They hate drama; all they’ve ever wanted is some peace & quiet, and yet they provoke more drama than anyone you’ve ever known. They declare their hatred of negativity, all the while calling you "hysterical" to anyone who will listen, even when you are completely ignoring them.

6)  Condescending, patronizing, and superior. You feel like a child being reprimanded by an adult. They speak down to you as if you are intellectually deficient and emotionally unstable. They laugh when you try to express yourself, dismissing any concerns you might have as hyper-sensitive and crazy.

7) Lies & excuses. Hypocrites have excuses for everything. You will find that they spend a lot more time excusing their behavior than ever actually improving it. Instead of apologizing or admitting fault, they simply ignore reality & argue with solid evidence when confronted with it. Survivors also often notice that psychopaths seem to enjoy the thrill of lying. Sometimes it seems they've planted evidence that actually allows you to catch them. They lie even when the truth would suffice. Why? Because duping others is what they do. It is the only highlight of their otherwise insufferably boring lives. Pathological lying 

Britain's most senior police officer today warned the capital faces losing another 3,000 officers as the force faces 'unprecedented' challenges.

Cressida Dick, Met Police Commissioner, said the force is facing £400million of cuts over the next three years.

She said a spike in crime combined with the surge in terror attacks and the funding squeeze has resulted in an 'unprecedented' challenge for the force.  

And she said the force will have to make 'ruthless' decisions about what crime and preventative work to prioritise as it faces the loss of more officers.

Appearing before the Home Affairs Select Committee in Parliament, Commissioner Dick said the force - which covers counter terrorism as well as policing in London - faces losing a tenth of its officers by 2020.  She told MPs: 'Our planning assumption at the moment is that if (the funding cut is) £400million, and things stay pretty  much as we see them, we will go down to somewhere between 27,000 and 28,000 police officers.

'We are currently bobbing around at over 30,000 which is much less than we have been at our peak.'

In a grave assessment, she said the loss of yet more officers as recorded crime jumped 13 per cent in the past year would place a strain on the force. The police chief said: 'It doesn't feel me with any joy at all.

'I do think it is genuinely unprecedented, certainly in my policing time, to have crime going up as it is, violent crime going up as it is, and the threat of terrorism as it is, calls going up as they are.

'And complexity - a lot of what we are being asked to deal with for example organised crime, child sexual exploitation...this does all feel unprecedented.'

She said police will have to continue to try to find fresh savings and efficiencies to cope with their squeezed budget.

'If we go down to that level we will absolutely have to look at whether we can be front footed as we would like to be '

She added: 'We'll have to be really ruthless about some demands.'

The Met Police Commissioner said a 'Herculean effort' by her officers had stemmed the recent rise of violent crime.

But she warned that the four terror attacks in London and Manchester this year - and the seven foiled in seven month - have left counter terrorism officers on a relentless cycle.

She said: 'That has put a huge burden on the organisation', adding: 'The tempo at the moment with the counter terrorism command is a feeling of about 30 per cent more workload - that's on the investigative and intelligence side.'

The Commissioner added: 'It is putting a considerable strain on the organisation and on policing more generally. She told MPs that if the Met Police is given extra cash she would use it to beef up the force's intelligence and preventative work, and keep bobbies on the beat.

But as her budget is squeezed she warned that the Met will not be as 'front-footed' as she would like it to be, and have to cut back on preventative work.

Crime in England and Wales soared by 13 per cent in a year with an even bigger rise in violent offences including knife crime and sexual offences.

Forces registered 5.2 million crimes in the year to the end of June, which was up by 13 per cent on the previous 12 months.

The number of violent crimes rose from 1,033,719 cases the previous year to 1,229,260 cases this year.

There was an 19 per cent increase in the number of sexual offences recorded in England and Wales, up to 129,700 on the previous year. 

A man has died after a commercial firework was posted through his letterbox, exploding more than 200 times and sending a fire ripping through his home.

Neighbours claim Anthony Nicholls desperately tried to smash windows so that he and his partner Marie, 50, could escape the flames. 

Police say the blaze started when a lit box of fireworks containing 200 tubes of explosives - normally used at outdoor public displays - was put through the door of his home in Birmingham.

The 56-year-old was rescued by firefighters who raced to the property after receiving a 999 call at 11pm last Thursday. 

The former hardware store worker was rushed to hospital with 60 per cent burns and placed in an induced coma after the blaze ravaged his property. 

But West Midlands Police said Mr Nicholls never regained consciousness and detectives had now launched a murder inquiry.  

His partner Marie is still being treated for fractures to her legs after jumping from a first floor window.

Neighbours reported hearing Mr Nicholls screaming for help and trying to break the windows in a desperate bid to escape. A blue forensic tent could be seen outside the £150,000 semi-detached property on Saturday, which has been left badly damaged by the fire.

Neighbours living on the quiet residential street said described seeing paramedics frantically working on Mr Nicholls. One elderly woman, who did not want to be named, said: 'It's really shocking because this is usually a nice quiet area.

'I've been told somebody put lit fireworks through their letterbox. They were both in bed asleep and Marie jumped from the window. People were saying they could hear fireworks going off in the night and that they sounded very close.

'Its despicable that somebody could do such a thing. He used to work at the hardware shop over the road but gave up because of his health.'

Mr Nicholls' friend Janet Mahoney, 73, said: 'He really is a nice chap - anyone who spoke to him would say the same thing. I knew him from the shop he worked in. It really is shocking and I'm so so sad for Tony - I spoke to him only three days before the fire.'

Detective Inspector Paul Joyce of West Midlands Police said: 'Sadly one of the victims of this fire has died and our thoughts are with his family and partner at their time of loss.

'His death means that we are now treating this as a murder enquiry and I would like to re-emphasise the need for anyone with information to call us.'

He said officers were studying CCTV, but also called for members of the public who had home security camera footage and had not yet done so to share it with police.

Officers believe the firework, which gutted the home's interior, would have taken two minutes to fully discharge and are asking for help in tracing where it came from. Mr Joyce added: 'The impact would have been terrifying for the occupants and I would urge anyone who sold or is missing a firework of this size to get in touch.

'This would have been a large heavy firework that would have been difficult to carry some distance, so I would ask anyone who saw someone carrying a large box in the area last Thursday night to contact us. 

A respected pharmacist murdered his elderly father at their £1.3million luxury home by mixing stolen morphine into a fruit smoothie before injecting him with insulin as he slept, a court today.

Bipin Desai watched a football match on TV before pouring the painkiller into a drink for his 85-year-old father whose body was later found at their detached house in the Surrey stockbroker belt.

Desai, 59, who shared the home with his father Dhirajlal in Dockenfield, near Farnham, checked on him five minutes after kissing him goodnight and then injected him with insulin as he slept.

Today he faced a trial at Guildford Crown Court on a charge of murder, which he denies. The jury has been told he admits assisting in a suicide and two charges of theft by an employee.

William Boyce QC, prosecuting, said Desai at first hoped to disguise the killing as a natural death and went through the facade of making his father breakfast the next morning, which he left out for him.

When he returned home from work at the pharmacy he once owned, he made the fake 'discovery' that his father had died in his sleep and phoned 999.

But when he realised a post-mortem examination would take place on his father's body - because he had not seen a British doctor for six months - Desai went into a police station, with his wife Dipti and two sons Samir and Nichil, and told officers he helped his father commit suicide.

His father had lived in Zambia before moving to stay with family in Zimbabwe and then eventually moving in with his son in the village of Dockenfield in February 2015.  Mr Boyce told the jury that a 20ml bottle of concentrated morphine solution Oramorph was ordered by the Vaughan James Pharmacy, in Farnham - where Desai worked - on February 20, 2015 and delivered the next day.

'Pharmacy records show the defendant was the responsible person on duty on February 20 when the bottle was ordered and was the responsible person when the bottle of Oramorph was delivered,' said Mr Boyce.

'This bottle is not something the pharmacy normally ordered, it's very strong. All controlled drugs recorded at the pharmacy should be recorded in the controlled drug register.'

He added: 'There was no recording. Rohit Patel [both corr], the pharmacy owner, was not aware that Oramophy had been ordered or received.'

Mr Boyce told the jury that on August 26, Desai's wife and two sons had gone to London leaving him alone with his father, after he returned from a Pilates class.

'However, several messages were exchanged between Desai and his son Nichil about Manchester United's 4-0 victory over FC Brugge that night,' he added.