Smileband health topics

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States. Some health effects caused by HPV can be prevented by the HPV vaccines. 

How is HPV spread?

You can get HPV by having vaginal, anal, or oral sex with someone who has the virus. It is most commonly spread during vaginal or anal sex. HPV can be passed even when an infected person has no signs or symptoms.

Anyone who is sexually active can get HPV, even if you have had sex with only one person. You also can develop symptoms years after you have sex with someone who is infected. This makes it hard to know when you first became infected.

Does HPV cause health problems?

In most cases, HPV goes away on its own and does not cause any health problems. But when HPV does not go away, it can cause health problems like genital warts and cancer.

Genital warts usually appear as a small bump or group of bumps in the genital area. They can be small or large, raised or flat, or shaped like a cauliflower. A healthcare provider can usually diagnose warts by looking at the genital area. The jab grants immunity to the human papillomavirus (HPV), and has been provided free to all girls aged 12 to 13 since 2008 because HPV causes cervical cancer.

But it is now known it also causes 'oropharyngeal' cancer of the tongue, mouth and throat, whose incidence is rocketing, as well as tumours of the genitals and anus. Vaccinating boys would cost an additional £22million a year – against a total NHS UK budget of £148billion. But according to Treasury rules, vaccinating boys is not thought 'cost-effective', even though HPV cancer patients face months of expensive, agonising treatment.

HPV is spread through genital and oral sex, but can also be transmitted by saliva exchanged by kissing. Studies show some people who contract it are virgins, while 80 per cent of all UK adults have been infected. Only a minority will develop cancer, often decades after they got the virus.