Smileband health topics

Anaplasmosis is a tick-borne illness caused by the bacterium Anaplasma phagocytophilum. The disease was previously classified as Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis (HGE), but the name has recently been changed to Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis (HGA).

The tick that spreads anaplasmosis is commonly found in the northeast, upper Midwest, and northwestern parts of the United States. The first symptoms of anaplasmosis begin within 1-2 weeks after the bite of an infected tick. Symptoms of anaplasmosis can vary person to person and some people can become ill with all the symptoms. Rash is rarely reported with anaplasmosis infections, and if patients have a rash, it may indicate coinfection with another tick-borne illness.

Symptoms of anaplasmosis include:

• Fever
• Headache
• Muscle pain
• Malaise
• Chills
• Nausea / Abdominal pain
• Cough
• Confusion
• Rash (rare)

Anaplasmosis can be a serious disease, even in previously healthy people, if not treated correctly.

Arizona will typically see 2-5 cases of anaplasmosis reported each year. 

Transmission
Anaplasmosis is spread by the bite of an infected tick.

Blood transfusions and organ transplantation are also possible modes of transmission.

The incubation period is 1-2 weeks.

Lab Tests & Specimen Info

Test*	Specimen
PCR (this test should be used during the acute phase of the disease)	Whole Blood
Serology (Acute and convalescent specimens should be sent and the convalescent should be collected 2-4 weeks after the acute)	Serum
Microscopic examination (this test should be used during the first week of illness)